<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

/* Mobile-first (min-width) — recommended */
.container { width: 100%; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .container { width: 720px; }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .container { width: 960px; }
}

/* Desktop-first (max-width) — legacy approach */
.container { width: 960px; }
@media (max-width: 1023px) { .container { width: 720px; } }
@media (max-width: 767px)  { .container { width: 100%; } }

/* Never smaller than 1rem, never larger than 2rem, scales between */
h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 3rem);
}

p {
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw + 0.5rem, 1.25rem);
}

/* Fluid spacing */
.section {
  padding: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem);
}

/* Stack on mobile, row on desktop */
.nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .nav {
    flex-direction: row;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
}

/* Auto-wrap cards */
.card-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.card {
  flex: 1 1 300px;   /* grow, shrink, basis 300px — wraps when needed */
}

/* Auto-fill columns — as many as fit, min 250px each */
.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* Explicit breakpoint grid */
.layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;           /* 1 column mobile */
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;     /* 2 columns tablet */
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .layout {
    grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;   /* sidebar + content */
  }
}

/* Prevent overflow, maintain aspect ratio */
img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

/* Object-fit for fixed-height containers */
.card-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  object-fit: cover;       /* crop to fill */
  object-position: center;
}

<!-- srcset: browser picks best resolution -->
<img
  src="hero-800.jpg"
  srcset="hero-400.jpg 400w, hero-800.jpg 800w, hero-1600.jpg 1600w"
  sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 1200px) 50vw, 800px"
  alt="Hero image"
/>

<!-- picture: art direction — different crops per breakpoint -->
<picture>
  <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="hero-wide.jpg">
  <source media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="hero-medium.jpg">
  <img src="hero-mobile.jpg" alt="Hero">
</picture>

.card-wrapper {
  container-type: inline-size;
  container-name: card;
}

@container card (min-width: 400px) {
  .card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
  }
}

/* Dark mode */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  body { background: #0f172a; color: #f1f5f9; }
}

/* Reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
}

/* Print */
@media print {
  nav, footer, .ads { display: none; }
  a::after { content: " (" attr(href) ")"; }
}

/* High DPI / Retina */
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 192dpi) {
  .logo { background-image: url(logo@2x.png); }
}

/* Hover capability (touch vs mouse) */
@media (hover: none) {
  .tooltip { display: none; }  /* don't show hover tooltips on touch devices */
}

/* Orientation */
@media (orientation: landscape) { }
@media (orientation: portrait)  { }